Preamble to the Constitution of India

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The Preamble is the introductory statement to the United States Constitution, which outlines the fundamental purposes and guiding principles of the document. It reads as follows:

“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

The Preamble is the introductory statement of the United States Constitution, which explains the purpose and goals of the document. It reads as follows:

The Preamble sets the tone for the Constitution and outlines the reasons for its creation. It emphasizes the importance of unity, justice, peace, defense, welfare, and liberty for both the present and future generations of Americans.

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Most Important in the Preamble

Terms in the Preamble

The Preamble of the United States Constitution includes six key phrases that outline the purpose and goals of the Constitution. These phrases are:

“We the People of the United States” – This phrase emphasizes the idea of popular sovereignty, which means that the power and authority of the government comes from the people.

“In Order to form a more perfect Union” – This phrase highlights the need for unity among the states, as the Constitution was created to replace the weaker Articles of Confederation and strengthen the relationship between the states.

“Establish Justice” – This phrase emphasizes the importance of creating a fair and just system of laws and government, which protects the rights of all citizens and ensures equal treatment under the law.

“Insure domestic Tranquility” – This phrase highlights the need for peace and stability within the country, as the government must maintain order and prevent violence and unrest.

“Provide for the common defense” – This phrase underscores the need for national security and defense against external threats, such as foreign nations or terrorist groups.

“Promote the general Welfare” – This phrase emphasizes the government’s responsibility to promote the well-being and prosperity of all citizens, including providing for public services and infrastructure, protecting the environment, and supporting economic growth.

“Secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity” – This phrase highlights the importance of protecting the individual rights and freedoms of citizens, both for the present generation and for future generations.

42nd Amendment

The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India was passed in 1976 during the period of emergency declared by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It brought about several significant changes to the Constitution. Some of the key provisions of the 42nd Amendment are:

The amendment inserted the word “secular” into the Preamble of the Constitution, making India a secular country.

It added a new Fundamental Duty (Article 51A) for every citizen of India to respect the national flag, the national anthem, and the Constitution.

The amendment curtailed the powers of the judiciary by adding a new provision (Article 368) that declared that the Parliament has the power to amend any part of the Constitution, including the Fundamental Rights, and that such amendments cannot be challenged in court.

The amendment extended the term of the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies from five to six years.

It empowered the Prime Minister to declare a state of emergency on the grounds of internal disturbances, in addition to the already existing grounds of war and external aggression.

The amendment made it mandatory for the President to accept the advice of the Council of Ministers, thus reducing the discretionary powers of the President.

The 42nd Amendment was criticized by many as a move towards centralization of power and dilution of fundamental rights. However, some of its provisions, such as the addition of the word “secular” to the Preamble and the inclusion of the Fundamental Duty, were welcomed as positive changes.

Swaran Singh committee

The Swaran Singh Committee was a committee constituted by the Government of India in 1975 to examine the issue of Centre-State relations and suggest measures to strengthen them. The committee was headed by Swaran Singh, a senior Congress leader and former Union Cabinet Minister.

The committee submitted its report in 1976, which recommended several changes to the existing framework of Centre-State relations in India. Some of the key recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee are:

The creation of a permanent Inter-State Council, which would act as a forum for the Centre and the States to discuss and resolve issues of mutual concern.

The establishment of a Constitutional Court, which would be empowered to adjudicate disputes between the Centre and the States.

The allocation of more financial resources to the States, particularly in the form of untied grants.

The strengthening of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council, which would help in better coordination between the Centre and the States in matters of economic planning.

The introduction of a provision in the Constitution to allow for the imposition of President’s Rule in a State only as a last resort, and after exhausting all other options.

The recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee were partially implemented through the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India in 1976. However, some of the recommendations, such as the establishment of a Constitutional Court, have not been implemented so far.

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