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Urban Planning Capacity in India UPSC 2022

   Published Date: 22nd September 2022  Leave a Comment on Urban Planning Capacity in India UPSC 2022
Urban Planning Capacity in India UPSC 2022

Urban Planning Capacity in India UPSC 2022

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Urban Planning Capacity in India

Urbanization Level (National):

India’s population stood at 1210 million in 2011, with an urbanization level of 31.1% (Census of India 2011).
Urbanization is an increase in the number of people living in towns and cities.
The distribution of urban center and the pace of urbanization is not uniform across the country.
Over 75% of the urban population of the country is in 10 States: Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Kerala.

State-wise Scenario:

Above National Average: Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Gujarat have attained over 40% urbanization.
Below National Average: Bihar, Odisha, Assam, and Uttar Pradesh continue to be at a lower level of urbanization than the national average of 31.1%.
Union Territories: NCT of Delhi, Daman and Diu, Chandigarh, and Lakshadweep, show above 75% urbanization.

Need for Reforming Urban Planning Capacity:

Increasing Urbanization: India’s urban population is 11% of that of the world.
However, in absolute numbers, the urban population in India is more than highly urbanized countries/regions like the United States, Japan, Western Europe, and South America.
During 2011-36, urban growth will be responsible for 73% of the rise in total population in India.
Urbanization is Central to India’s Economy: Urbanization contributes nearly 60% to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
However, there exists large, untapped economies of scale.

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India’s National Growth Targets:

Economic Growth Target: USD 5 trillion economy by 2024.
Employment Target: Total workforce estimated to be 0.64 billion by 2030, of which 0.26 billion to be employed in urban areas.
Infrastructure Targets: Creation of 11 large industrial corridors as part of the National Industrial Corridor Program, several multi-modal logistic parks, etc.
Environmental Protection Targets: River rejuvenation, clean air in cities, etc.
National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP): The urban sector has a significant share of 17% in the NIP.
NIP facilitates infrastructure projects in the country with a projected investment of RS 111 lakh crore during the period 2020-25.

India’s Global Commitments:

SDGs (Goal 11): Promote urban planning as one of the recommended methods for achieving sustainable development.
UN-Habitat’s New Urban Agenda: It was adopted at Habitat III in 2016. It puts forth principles for the planning, construction, development, management, and improvement of urban areas.
UN-Habitat (2020) mentions spatial sustainability, as a concept. It suggests that the spatial conditions of a city can enhance its power to generate social, economic and environmental value and well-being.
Paris Agreement: India’s National Determined Contributions (NDCs) includes the goals to reduce the emission intensity of the country’s GDP by 33 to 35% by 2030 from 2005 level.

Recommendations:

Planning of Healthy Cities: Central Sector Scheme ‘500 Healthy Cities Program’, for a period of 5 years, wherein priority cities and towns would be selected jointly by the states and local bodies.
The Program can lead to optimum utilization of urban land as well.
Re-engineering of Urban Governance: To bring in more institutional clarity and also multi-disciplinary expertise to solve urban challenges.
The formation of an apex committee at the state level is recommended to undertake a regular review of planning legislations (including town and country planning or urban and regional development acts or other relevant acts).
Strengthening the Role of the Private Sector: These include the adoption of fair processes for procuring technical consultancy services, strengthening project structuring and management skills in the public sector, and empanelment of private sector consultancies.
Measures for Strengthening Human Resource and Match Demand–Supply: The constitution of a ‘National Council of Town and Country Planners’ as a statutory body of the Government of India.
Also, a ‘National Digital Platform of Town and Country Planners’ is suggested to be created within the National Urban Innovation Stack of MOHUA.
Citizen Outreach Campaign’ for demystifying urban planning.
Strengthening Urban Planning Education System.

Smart City Mission

It is an innovative initiative under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by enabling local development and harnessing technology as a means to create smart outcomes for citizens.
Objective: To promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of Smart Solutions.
Focus: On sustainable and inclusive development and to look at compact areas, create a replicable model which will act like a lighthouse to other aspiring cities.

Regional Planning Notes Pdf for UPSC 2023

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