Indian History Timeline notes pdf in English

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Ancient India:

Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300-1300 BCE): Flourishing urban civilization with well-planned cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.
Vedic Period (c. 1500-500 BCE): Rigveda composed, emergence of early Hinduism, and development of early kingdoms.

Maurya Empire:

Maurya Empire (c. 322-185 BCE): Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, expanded by Ashoka the Great, known for his conversion to Buddhism and his rock edicts.

Gupta Empire:

Gupta Empire (c. 320-550 CE): Known as the “Golden Age” of India, marked by advancements in arts, science, mathematics (Aryabhata), and literature (Kalidasa).

Medieval India:

Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526): Islamic kingdoms that ruled over parts of northern India, including the Slave Dynasty, Khalji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, and Lodi Dynasty.
Mughal Empire (1526-1857): Established by Babur, known for the reigns of Akbar the Great, Jahangir, Shah Jahan (built Taj Mahal), and Aurangzeb. It was a period of cultural and architectural achievements.

European Arrival and Colonial Rule:

Portuguese (1498 onwards), Dutch (1605 onwards), French (1674 onwards), and British (1600 onwards) arrived in India for trade.
British East India Company gradually gained control, leading to the British Raj (1858-1947) when India came under direct British rule.

Indian Independence Movement:

Indian National Congress (1885): Formed by prominent leaders, including A.O. Hume and later led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose.
Non-cooperation Movement (1920-1922), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), Quit India Movement (1942), and various protests and movements led to India’s independence.

Post-Independence India:

Independence (1947): India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, and Pakistan was formed.
Partition and Communal Violence: Partition led to mass migrations and communal tensions, resulting in violence and loss of lives.
Indian Constitution and Republic (1950): India adopted its constitution, becoming a democratic republic.

Modern India:

Nehruvian Era: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s leadership focused on socialist policies, industrialization, and non-alignment during the Cold War.
Indo-Pak Wars: India and Pakistan fought wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 (leading to the creation of Bangladesh), and the Kargil conflict in 1999.
Economic Reforms (1991 onwards): India initiated economic liberalization, embracing market-oriented policies and opening up to globalization.

These are key events in Indian history, but the timeline is much more extensive and diverse. There are numerous other dynasties, kingdoms, movements, and developments worth exploring. If you have any specific questions or need more detailed information on a particular era or event, feel free to ask!

Download GK Notes

Most Important Indian History Question Answer

1. Which among the following is not a correct pair?

A. Ellora Caves – Rastrakuta Rulers

B. Mahabalipuram – Pallava Rulers

C. Khajuraho – Chandellas

D. Elephanta Caves – Mauyra Era

Ans: D

2. Which among the following Kavya of Sanskrit, deal with court intrigues & access to power of Chandragupta Maurya?

A. Mrichhakatika

B. Ritusamhara

C. Kumarasambhava

D. Mudrarakshahsa

Ans: D

3. On which of the following systems of Hindu Philosophy , Shankaracharya wrote commentary in 9th century AD?

A. Sankhya

B. Vaisheshika

C. Yoga

D. Uttarmimansa

Ans: D

4. The eighth-century tripartite power struggle was among which of the following?

A. Cholas, Rastrakutas and Yadavas,

B. Chalukyas, Pallavas and Pandyas

C. Cholas, Pandyas and Chalukyas

D. Chalukyas, Pallavas and Yadavas

Ans: B

5. Which among the following is not correct?

A. The capital of pandyas was Madurai

B. The capital of Cheras was Vanchi

C. Capital of the Videha Kingdom – Mithila

D. Capital of Gahadwal Dynasty – Kannauj

Ans: C

6. Which king started the organization of Kumbh fair at Allahabad?

A. Harshavardhana

B. Dhruvasena Ii

C. Narshimhvarman

D. Akabar

Ans: A

7. Upnishads are books on :

A. Politics

B. Philosophy

C. Medicine

D. Social life

Ans: B

8. Who was the first Indian ruler who had territory outside India?

A. Ashoka

B. Chandragupta Maurya

C. Kanishka

D. Huvishka

Ans: C

9. Which of the following statement is wrong?

A. Sunga dynasty was founded by pushyamitra

B. Ashoka the great Mauryan king died in 332 BC

C. Ashoka invaded the kalinga in 261 BC

D. Chandragupta Maurya earned the title of the Liberator.

Ans: B

10. Who among the following was worshipped during Early Vedic Civilization?

A. Varuna

B. Indra

C. Surya

D. All the above

Ans: D

11. Where were the hymns of Rigveda composed?

A. Punjab

B. Gujarat

C. Rajasthan

D. Uttar Pradesh

Ans: A

12. Which among the following is a place in Larkana district of Sind province in Pakistan?

A. Alamgirpur

B. Harappa

C. Rangapur

D. Mohenjo-Daro

Ans: D

13. What led to the end of Indus Valley Civilization?

A. Invasion of Aryans

B. Recurrent Floods

C. Earthquakes

D. All the above

Ans: D

14. Who was the main male God worshipped by Indus people?

A. Lord Vishnu

B. Vishnu

C. Brahma

D. Indra

Ans: A

15. Which empire lasted the longest among the following?

A. The Palas

B. The Pratiharas

C. The Rashtrakutas

D. The Senas

Ans: C

16. Which of the following statement is wrong?

A. Dharmpala was the founder of Pala dynasty.

B. Vikramashila University was founded by Dharmpala ?

C. Bhoja was the founder of Pritihara Empire.

D. Krishna III was the last Rashtrakuta king.

Ans: A

17. Which of the following statement is/ are correct?

I. In the 326 BC Alexander invaded India.

II. Ambhi (king of TaxilA. welcomed Alexander and his men

III. Alexander died in 332 BC

Code:

A. All are correct

B. Only I, III

C. Only I, II

D. II, III

Ans: C

18. Who was the ruler of the kingdom between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab?

A. Alexander the Great

B. Darius III

C. King Porus

D. Chandragupta Maurya

Ans: C

19. Who was the last Hindu emperor of northern India?

A. Harsha

B. Pulakesin II

C. Rajyavardhana

D. Skandagupta

Ans: A

20. Which of the following statement is/are correct?

I. Pulakesn I was the first ruler of the Chalukya dynasty?

II. Harshavardhana attacked the Chalukya territory during 608-642 AD?

III. Vikramaditya I died in 608 A.D.

Code:

A. All are correct

B. Only I

C. Only II,III

D. Only I, III

Ans: B

1. How many layers of Mohenjo-daro were found?

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

D. 9

2. Which of the following literatures is known as Apaurusheya?

A. Vedas

B. Brahman

C. Upanishad

D. Aranyak

3. Out of 10 Mandals which pair is the latest?

A. 1 & 2

B. 5 & 6

C. 3 & 7

D. 1 & 10

4. Which Mandal is on the name of Vishwamitra?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

5. Which is known as book of Melody?

A. Rigveda

B. Samveda

C. Atharvaveda

D. Yajurveda

6. Which Veda deals with magical hymn or charms of spell?

A. Rigveda

B. Samveda

C. Atharvaveda

D. Yajurveda

7. Economy of Vedic period was based on?

A. Pastureland

B. Agriculture

C. Mining

D. Cotton Cultivation

8. What is the ancient name of river Satulaj?

A. Askini

B. Vitasta

C. Shutodri

D. Parushni

9. Who was the master of Gautama Buddha?

A. Alara Kalama

B. Kalidas

C. Viswamitra

D. Vashistha

10. Who was the first nun of Gautama Buddha?

A. Meenakshi

B. Smriti

C. Gautami

D. Gargi

1. Study of inscription is called:

A. Archaeology

B. Numismatic

C. Epigraphy

D. Palaeography

2. Which of the following is related to Etymology?

A. Shiksha

B. Kalpa

C. Nirukta

D. Vyakaran

3. Who wrote Panchatantra?

A. Kalidas

B. Vishnu Sharma

C. Chanakya

D. Nagarjun

4. Which of the following is not a religious text?

A. Rigveda

B. Sangam

C. Upanishad

D. None of the above

5. Kalinga was situated between?

A. Godavari & Krishna

B. Mahanadi & Godavari

C. Mahanadi & Krishna

D. Krishna & Kaveri

6. What was the capital of Avanti?

A. Gaya

B. Ujjain

C. Satna

D. Vallabhi

7. Satavahana dynasty originated from?

A. South of Arawali

B. South of Vindhya

C. South of Satpura

D. South of Satmola

8. Which of following Chalcolithic sites comes under Ganges system?

A. Hanumangarh

B. Alamgirpur

C. Ropar

D. Mohenjodaro

9. Which of the following metals was not known during the Indus Valley Civilization?

A. Iron

B. Gold

C. Copper

D. Silver

10. Most depicted animal of the Indus Valley Civilization was?

A. Elephant

B. Lion

C. Bull

D. Dog

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Indian History Timeline notes pdf in English