Biodiversity and Conservation notes pdf for NEET exam

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Biodiversity and Conservation notes pdf for NEET exam:- Today we are sharing Biodiversity and Conservation notes pdf for NEET exam. This Biodiversity and Conservation notes pdf for NEET exam download for upcoming examination like NEET, JEE, NTPC, SSC CGL, LIC, REET, UPPSC, MPTET, DSSSB, RPSC, UPSC, DRDO, DDA, AAI, SSC GD, ALL STATE PCS EXAM. This Biodiversity and Conservation notes pdf for NEET exam download and important questions Biodiversity and Conservation notes pdf for NEET exam which Will be helpful for you in preparing for the exams. Keep watching the updates on this website every day, here the notes and questions are updated daily, if you need notes/questions on any subject or topic, then you can contact our team. pdfdownload.in The team is looking forward to supporting you.

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Most Important Biodiversity and Conservation Question

Q.1. State how the current occurrence of species extinction is different from the earlier mass extinction.

Ans. Species extinction in earlier times occurred due to natural calamities such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods etc. while in the present times, the cause of species extinction is human activities.

Q.2. Which of the following according to you is the major cause for loss of biodiversity amongst the four main causes of loss of biodiversity ( Habitat loss and fragmentation, alien species invasion, over-exploitation and co-extinctions)? Justify your pick.

Ans. Habitat loss and fragmentation. As it is caused by clearing and over-exploitation of forest land for urbanization and industrialization purposes. Overpopulation has destroyed forests and burdened forest resources. Larger habitats are split into smaller fragments causing birds and mammals to migrate in quest of larger territories thereby resulting in population declination.

Q.3. How can the loss of one species lead to the extinction of another?

Ans. It can be explained via co-extinction, where the extinction of two mutually interrelated species takes place. For instance, the extinction of host fish causes the extinction of all parasites located on it.

Q.4. Can the diversity and productivity of a natural community be constant for over a hundred years?

Ans. No, it is not possible as natural habitat is never maintained in real, resources cannot be available in abundance always and environmental conditions for survival keeps fluctuating.

Q.5. Why is there greater biodiversity in subtropical/tropical regions than in temperate regions?

Ans. It is because these regions are not disturbed due to lesser variations in climatic conditions. This is why species had a long evolutionary time for diversity. The environment in temperate regions is more seasonal and unpredictable, hence lesser species diversity.

Q.6. For the assessment of biodiversity in bacteria, why are conventional methods unsuitable?

Ans. It is because bacteria cannot be cultured in normal conditions which makes it difficult to study their biochemical and morphological characteristics. Hence these are clubbed with a few more characteristics to assess the biodiversity of bacteria.

Q.7. What are the factors that determine a species as threatened?

Ans. The following criteria need to be used in categorizing a species as threatened:

Declination in the number of species at a distressing rate

Destruction and modification of their habitat

Increasing activities of poachers

Q.8. In comparison to other animal groups, why are amphibians more vulnerable to extinction?

Ans. It is because of the following:

Habitat fragmentation

Habitat Destruction or Modification

Large scale climate change

Q.9. How do scientists estimate the total number of species on earth?

Ans. Through two methods:

Estimation rate of discovery of new species

Statistical association of tropical and temperate species richness of exhaustively studied assemblages of insects. The ratio is then deduced with the current species to predict the total estimate.

Qns. State two ways through which humans are benefitted from biodiversity.

A.10. We derive economic benefits from the diversity of entities, such as:

Food, fibre, firewood

Industrial products, construction material

Medicinal products from plants

Pure oxygen, flood and soil erosion control, natural pollinators

Recycling of wastes by microbes

Nutrient restoration

Q.11. Define endangered species with an example for endangered plant and animal species.

Ans. It is a population of species on the brink of extinction. Endangered animal – Siberian Tiger, Endangered plant – Venus fly trap

Q.12. Define sacred groves. What is their role in the conservation of biodiversity?

Ans. They are sacred tracts which are of utmost importance to local communities. They are devoted to ancestral spirits and local deities and are guarded by local communities through taboos and social traditions which include ecological and spiritual values. They are rich in biodiversity nurturing rare plant and animal species and are found in Aravalli hills, Meghalaya, western Ghats etc.

Q.13. Is more solar energy available in the tropics? Justify your answer.

Ans. Yes, it is true. It is because of the following reasons:

The rays of the sun possess less atmosphere to pass through hence lesser energy is lost in reflection and absorption by the atmosphere
The rays of the sun are more concentrated
Presence of dense vegetation causes more absorption of radiations in the tropical rainforests

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Most Important Biodiversity and Conservation Question

Q.1. Explain how species diversity of an area is reduced by the invasion of an alien species.

Ans. When alien species acquaint a particular habitat either purposely or inadvertently, some of these species resort to invasion thereby causing declination or extinction of native species. For instance – Lantana and water hyacinth have turned invasive, Invasion of Nile perch, a large predator fish, into Lake Victoria in East Africa led to extinction of an ecologically unique collection of more than 200 species of Cichlid fish in the lake. As the Cichlid fish became extinct due to a lack of food, the predatory Nile perch died too.

Q.2. How can the loss of biodiversity be prevented?

Ans. The occurrence of different types of habitat, species, ecosystem, gene pool, and a gene in a particular area in biodiversity. It can be conserved with various conservational strategies and management of abiotic and biotic resources. Listed below are a few conservational strategies:

Natural conservation or protection of useful plants and animals in their natural habitats.

Conserving crucial habitats like breeding and feeding areas, facilitating the growth and multiplication of endangered species

Regulation or banning hunting activities

Through bilateral or multilateral agreements, habitats of migratory entities should be conserved

Spreading awareness of the significance of conservation of biodiversity

Avoiding over-exploitation of natural resources

Q.3. Besides the relationship used by Paul Ehrlich, can you arrive at a scientific explanation to explain the direct association between stability and diversity of an ecosystem?

Ans. It could be as follows: Consider a scenario where diverse species are growing, plants nurture a diversity of species on which an assemblage of insect species are dependent for their food requirements. The dependence severely affects the relying insect species due to the unavailability of food, when this particular plant species die. Additionally, if the plant was a nitrogen fixer, the death of the plant would indicate no restoration of soil nutrients with nitrogen. This would also affect the growth of the plants. If this is followed and occurs regularly, it would put forward a negative impact on the whole ecosystem.

Q.4. Explain the ecosystem service. Write any four ecosystem services rendered by the natural ecosystem. Are you in support of or against imposing a charge on the service given by the ecosystem?

Ans. Ecosystem services are the products of ecosystem processes. The major services of ecological services are forests. Some of their services are:

Water and air purification

Droughts and flood alleviation

Cycling nutrients

Fertile soil generation

Rendering wildlife habitat

Promoting biodiversity

Crop pollination

Provisions of a storage site for carbon

Facilitating cultural, aesthetic and spiritual values

No, not in favour of levying a charge. However, it is necessary to understand what nature is offering for free. Misusing or overusing resources may impose a heavy cost.

Q.5. Why does diversity amongst species decline as we move away from the equator?

Ans. It is because a decline in temperature causes the state to become severe. There is a dip in the intensity and amount of solar radiation and also a decrease in the vegetation is observed. Availability of resources is less to support the assemblage of species. Harsh conditions make the adaptation and survival of species difficult, which results in a decrease in biodiversity as we approach the poles.

Q.6. Write notes on the ‘rivet popper hypothesis’ by Paul Ehrlich.

Ans. He suggested the hypothesis to understand the benefaction of species richness which he arrived at by comparing each species with rivet seen in the aeroplane body. It demonstrates that the ecosystem is an aeroplane and the species, the rivets holding together all the parts. If each passenger began to take rivets home (depicting species extinction), it may hardly affect the safety of the flight initially (representing stable functioning of the ecosystem), eventually, the plane becomes fragile and crash, implying species become endangered and ultimately extinct.

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