Political science handwritten notes pdf in English

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Most Important Political science Question Answer

Question 1. Name the leader of the freedom movement of India who was popularly known as Frontier Gandhi. (Delhi 2014)
Answer: Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Question 2. Name the leader who played a historic role in negotiating with the rulers of princely states to join the Indian Union. (Delhi 2014)
Answer: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Question 3. Mention the main recommendation of the State Reorganisation Commission of 1953. (All India 2014)
OR
What was the basis of the report of the States Reorganisation Commission? (All India 2012)
Answer: The basis of report of the States Reorganisation Commission was that the boundaries of the states should reflect boundaries of different languages.

Question 4. What is the ‘Two Nation Theory’ advanced by Muslim League? (Delhi 2013)
Answer: According to the ‘Two-Nation Theory’, India consisted of not one but two ‘people’, Hindus and Muslims. That is why it demanded Pakistan, a separate country for the Muslims.

Question 5. Which four princely states of India initially resisted to join the Indian Union? (Delhi 2013)
Answer: Princely states of Junagadh, Hyderabad, Kashmir and Manipur initially resisted to join the Indian Union.

Question 6. What was the huge obstacle in nation building at the time of India’s independence? (Delhi 2011)
OR
What was the biggest obstacle in nation building at the time of India’s independence? (Delhi 2011)
Answer: The huge obstacle in nation building at the time of India’s independence was to shape a nation that was united, yet accommodative of the diversity in our society.

Question 7. Why were the states reorganised on linguistic basis in India in 1956? (HOTS; Delhi 2011)
Answer: The states were reorganised on linguistic basis under the pressure of people and leaders and also it helped to preserve the diverse culture of India.

Question 8. Which two princely states refused to join either Pakistan or India at the time of Independence? (Delhi 2011)
Answer: Hyderabad, Junagadh and Kashmir refused to join either Pakistan or India at the time of Independence.

Question 9. What do you understand by ‘instrument of accession’? (Delhi 2010)
Answer: The ‘Instrument of accession’ was a legal document created in 1947. It was executed by Government of India to princely states which was signed by most of the rulers.

Question 10. When and by whom was the ‘tryst with destiny’ speech delivered? (Delhi, 2010)
Answer: ‘Tryst with destiny’ speech was delivered by JawAllar Lai Nehru at midnight on 14th-15 th August, 1947.

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Most Important Political science Question Answer

Question 11. Which theory was behind the partition of India in 1947? (Delhi 2009)
Answer: The two-nation theory of Muslim League was behind the partition of India in 1947.

Question 12. How many princely states were in India at the time of its independence? (Delhi (C) 2008)
Answer: At the time of Independence there were 565 princely states in India.

Question 13. Where was the ‘Tryst with Destiny’ speech delivered by Pt. Nehru? (All India (C) 2008)
Answer: Pt. Nehru delivered ‘Tryst with Destiny’ speech from Red Fort, Delhi on 15th August, 1947.

Question 14. Give the name of two provinces which were also divided during the partition of India? (All India 2008)
Answer: The two provinces which were divided during the partition of India were Punjab and Bengal.

Question 15. Why did the leaders of the National Movement cherish the ideal of the secular nation? Give any one reason. (HOTS; All India 2008)
Answer: The leaders of the National Movement cherished the ideal of the secular nation because they knew that India i.e. Bharat is a land of many religions and faiths. So, in order to survive as a unified country India had to follow secular ideals.

Question 1. Analyse the two political developments of 1940s that led to the decision for the creation of Pakistan, (HOTS; Delhi 2016)
Answer: During 1940s in India, there were many political developments which led to the decision for the creation of Pakistan.
Two prominent among them were :

The political competition between the Congress and the Muslim League was taking place. The Congress wanted to make a nation that reflect democratic government, whereas the Muslim League propounded Two-Nation Theory to gain power and status for minority community in politics.
The British were also playing their role of ‘divide and rule policy’ and accepted the Two-Nation Theory for partition of India. Thus, in 1947 the two-nation i.e. India and Pakistan came into existence.
Question 2. While the rest of the country was reorganised on linguistic lines in 1950s, why had Punjab to wait till 1966? (Delhi 2016)
Answer: Except Punjab rest of the country was reorganised on linguistic lines in 1950s. Punjab had to wait till 1966 due to following reasons : In Punjab, there were two linguistic groups, Hindi-speaking and Punjabi-speaking.
The Punjabi-speaking people demanded a separate state. Finally in 1966 Haryana and Himachal Pradesh were separated from Punjab.

Question 3. Identify any two consequences of the partition of India in 1947. (All India 2014)
OR
Highlight any two outcomes of partition or division of India into India and Pakistan, (All India, (C) 2008)
Answer:
Two consequences of the partition of India in 1947 are following:

There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border.
Political division of the country led to the administrative failure.

Question 4.What is meant by ‘Two Nation Theory’? (Delhi 2014)
Answer: The ‘Two Nation Theory’ means the cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities living in India; Hindus and Muslim. This theory gave rise the demand of two separate countries/nations one for Muslims (Pakistan) and one for Hindus (India).

Question 5. Name the original states from which the following states were carved out.
(i) Meghalaya
(ii) Gujarat (All India 2012)
Answer: Meghalaya was carved out from Assam in 1972. Gujarat was carved out from Bombay state in 1960.

Question 6. What two challenges were faced by India at the time of her independence? (Delhi 2012; 2008 (C); All India 2010)
Answer: The two challenges faced by India just after independence were:

Challenge to shape a nation which is accommodative of the diversity in our society.
Challenge to establish democracy.
Challenge to ensure development and well-being of the entire society.

Question 7. What was meant by princely states? How many princely states were there in India at the time of independence? (All India 2011)
Answer: During colonial period there were several large and small states ruled by princes were called Princely States. There were 565 princely states at the time of independence.

Question 8. Explain the role played by Sardar Patel in the unification of princely states in India. (Delhi 2011, 2009)
OR
Mention the role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel towards India’s integration. (Delhi 2009)
Answer: Sardar Patel played following roles in the unification of princely states in India

He procured letter of accession from the princely states through diplomacy and negotiation.
He used force and persuation with the states of Hyderabad, Junagadh, Manipur and Kashmir for their merger.

Question 1. What does the special status given to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 mean? (All India 2014)
Answer: After partition Hari Singh, the Hindu ruler of Kashmir signed an ‘Instrument of Accession’ with the Government of India. Sheikh Abdull All who was against joining Pakistan, became the Prime Minister and Indian Government agreed to maintain the autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir was given a special status in Article 370 of Indian Constitution.

Jammu and Kashmir is included in the first schedule as one of the states after signing the instrument of Accession. Article 370 says that except defence, foreign affairs, communication and ancillary matters, the Indian Parliament needs the permission of State Government’s for applying all other laws.

Article 370 grant special autonomous status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Thus, the state has separate set of law, including those related to citizenship, ownership of property and Fundamental Rights.

Question 2. How did the state of Hyderabad became a part of the Indian Union after partition? (HOTS; All India 2009)
Answer: Hyderabad, the largest of the princely states covered almost l/3rd part of South India. Nizam signed Standstill Agreement with the Government of India and state emerged as an independent state after India’s independence. Many movements took place in Hyderabad; State specially in Telangana region where many peasants were victimised and oppressed by Nizans

Nizam sent his para-military force, Razakars. Razakars murdered, raped and looted particularly the non-Muslims. Therefore, Central Government ordered the army to tackle the situation on 13th September, 1948, Indian army marched in Hyderabad and on the 17th September, 1948. Hyderabad surrendered. This way Hyderabad became a part of the Indian Union after partition.

Question 3. What was the approach of the Government of India towards the princely states immediately after the partition of India in 1947? All India 2009
Answer: At the time of India’s independence, there were 565 princely states. Immediately after partition communal violence was at its culmination. In this environment, the government’s approach towards princely states was guided by following three considerations:

Firstly, the people of most of the princely states clearly wanted to become part of the Indian union.
Secondly, the government was prepared to be flexible in giving autonomy to some regions. The idea was to accommodate plurality and adopt a flexible approach in dealing with the demands of the regions.
Thirdly, in the backdrop of partition which brought into focus the contest over demarcation of territory, the integration and consolidation of the territorial boundaries of the nation had assumed supreme importance.

Question 4. Describe the outcomes of States Reorganisation Commission appointed in 1953. (Delhi 2009)
Answer: The States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. This led to the creation of 14 states and 6 Union Territories. Earlier there were demands of separate states on the basis of linguistic line, but leaders did not support this.

Thereafter a lot of movements occurred and provinces suffered from it therefore under popular pressure, finally decision was taken in favour of linguistic states. It was hoped that if we accept the demand of linguistic claims then the separatism and division would be reduced. Thus, these divisions reflected the true democracy.

Question 5. Describe briefly any four problems faced in the process of partition of India. (Delhi 2008)
Answer: The major problems faced by India at the time of partition were as follows :

The country faced communal riots in almost every parts of India.
Problem of integration of the territories which were divided on the basis of language, religion and culture.
Problem of well being of the entire society particularly the minorities and other weaker sections.
Challenge to shape a nation which just got the independence.
Challenge to establish democracy and make a constitution for all.

Question 6. Describe how the princely states of Manipur and Junagadh acceded to India. (All India 2008)
Answer: Accession of Manipur After the independence in 1947, MAllaraja of Manipur Bodhachandra Singh, signed the Instrument of Accession with Indian Union on the assurance that the internal autonomy of Manipur would be maintained. Under the pressure of people of Manipur, MAllaraja held the election in June, 1948 and state became a constitutional monarchy.

Thus, Manipur was the first state to hold an election on the basis of adult franchise. The legislators of the regional parties of Manipur did not want to merge with India but state Congress wanted to.

Government of India pressurised the Manipur MAllaraja and succeeded to do so. MAllaraja accepted the agreement and signed it without consulting the Legislative Assembly. This led to lot of anger and resentment in Manipur, the repercussions of which are still being felt.

Accession of Junagadh In case of Junagadh, the Nawab of Junagadh wanted to merge with Pakistan or wanted to remain independent. The people of Junagadh wanted to merge with Indian Union. This lead to several events and also a plebiscits which resulted in the integration of Junagadh into India.

The successful negotiations brought many states to sign Instrument of Accession which means that states wanted to accept the sovereignty of India.

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Political science handwritten notes pdf in English