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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 condition

   Published Date: 31st March 2023
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 condition

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 condition

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 condition:- Post-COVID-19 condition, also known as “Long COVID” or “Long-Haul COVID,” refers to the long-term symptoms that some people experience after recovering from COVID-19. These symptoms can persist for weeks or months after the initial infection and can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life.

The exact cause of post-COVID-19 condition is still unknown, but it is believed to be related to the body’s immune response to the virus. Some of the most common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, chest pain, and difficulty sleeping. Other symptoms may include brain fog, memory loss, and difficulty concentrating.

Individuals who have experienced severe COVID-19 infections or who have underlying medical conditions may be at a higher risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition. However, anyone who has had COVID-19 can potentially develop long-term symptoms.

There is currently no specific treatment for post-COVID-19 condition, and the focus is on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include a combination of medications, rehabilitation therapy, and psychological support.

Prevention of post-COVID-19 condition is also an important consideration. This includes getting vaccinated against COVID-19, practicing good hygiene, and following public health guidelines to reduce the risk of infection.

The long-term impact of post-COVID-19 condition on individuals and healthcare systems is still not fully understood, and ongoing research is needed to better understand the condition and develop effective treatments.

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 condition

Most people who develop COVID-19 fully recover, but current evidence suggests approximately 10–20% of people experience a variety of mid and long-term effects after they recover from their initial illness. Although our current understanding of causes of post COVID-19 condition and why some people are more affected is limited, this questions and answers page will help you understand more about post COVID-19 condition so you can make informed decisions that help protect yourself and those around you.

What is post COVID-19 condition?

Post COVID-19 condition, also known as long COVID, refers to long-term symptoms that some people experience after they have had COVID-19. People who experience post COVID-19 condition sometimes refer to themselves as “long-haulers”.

These symptoms might persist from their initial illness or develop after their recovery. They can come and go or relapse over time.

The most common symptoms associated with post COVID-19 condition include fatigue, breathlessness and cognitive dysfunction (for example, confusion, forgetfulness, or a lack of mental focus or clarity). Post COVID-19 condition can affect a person’s ability to perform daily activities such as work or household chores.

How soon after getting COVID-19 can someone be diagnosed with post COVID-19 condition?

Post COVID-19 condition is usually diagnosed by a healthcare provider at least 3 months after a patient falls ill with COVID-19. This 3-month period allows healthcare providers to rule out the usual recovery period from an acute illness. Sometimes this recovery period can be long, especially if someone is very sick.

Symptoms should last for at least 2 months from when someone first falls ill for it to be considered as post COVID-19 condition.

Symptoms of post COVID-19 condition can persist from the initial illness or begin after recovery. The symptoms and effects of post COVID-19 condition can only be explained when other conditions with similar symptoms as post COVID-19 condition have been ruled out through a medical diagnosis. Symptoms may also change over time.

What are common symptoms of post COVID-19 condition (long COVID)?

Symptoms differ between people, and between adults and children. Overall, the most common symptoms of post COVID-19 condition include:

fatigue
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
memory, concentration or sleep problems
persistent cough
chest pain
trouble speaking
muscle aches
loss of smell or taste
depression or anxiety
fever.
People with post COVID-19 condition, also known as long COVID, may have difficulty functioning in everyday life. Their condition may affect their ability to perform daily activities such as work or household chores.

What should I do if I have had COVID-19 and am experiencing symptoms and effects like those described as post COVID-19 condition?

If you have ongoing symptoms after COVID-19, seek help from your healthcare provider. They will help you to determine the cause and provide you with the care you need to manage your symptoms.

At present, there are no proven drug treatments for post COVID-19 condition. This is an area of active research. However, some commonly available medications can alleviate symptoms. There are data suggesting that holistic care can help patients regain their physical, cognitive and emotional function and help to improve their quality of life.

Who is most at risk of developing post COVID-19 condition?

Anyone can develop post COVID-19 condition. Research suggests that approximately 10–20% of COVID-19 patients go on to develop prolonged symptoms that are associated with post COVID-19 condition. Current evidence doesn’t allow us to confidently know who is more likely to be affected, although certain problems (for example breathlessness) seem to be more common amongst those with more severe initial COVID-19, and more common in women.

If I had a confirmed case of COVID-19 and I’m still experiencing symptoms, how long would it take before I could be diagnosed with post COVID-19 condition?

According to the WHO definition, symptoms should last two months or more before a diagnosis of post COVID-19 condition can be made, as we know that normal recovery can take this long. It is important that other causes for ongoing symptoms are considered. For more information, see the clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition.

Overview
WHO has developed a clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by Delphi methodology that includes 12 domains, available for use in all settings. This first version was developed by patients, researchers and others, representing all WHO regions, with the understanding that the definition may change as new evidence emerges and our understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 continues to evolve.

Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others and generally have an impact on everyday functioning. Symptoms may be new onset following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Symptoms may also fluctuate or relapse over time.

How long does post COVID-19 condition last?

We cannot predict how long post COVID-19 condition will last for any given person. Most people experience improvement in their symptoms, but we know that lingering symptoms can last from weeks to months. Currently, it remains impossible to predict how long post COVID-19 condition may last for any given person.

What can I do to protect myself against post COVID-19 condition?

Taking measures to avoid COVID-19 infection is the most effective way to protect yourself against post COVID-19 condition. This includes public health and social measures that reduce your chances of getting infected. To keep you and your family safe remember to:

continue to wash your hands regularly
keep a distance from others
wear a mask when in a crowded, enclosed or poorly ventilated area
get vaccinated and stay up to date with booster doses
practice respiratory etiquette; cough or sneeze into your bent elbow.

Does getting vaccinated prevent post COVID-19 condition?

Research is ongoing. A vaccine’s ability to prevent post COVID-19 condition depends on its ability to prevent COVID-19 in the first place. The vaccines we use today are aimed at preventing severe disease and death from COVID-19. However, some people may still get infected with COVID-19 even after they are vaccinated.

If I have post COVID-19 condition, can I give it to others?

No, post COVID-19 condition cannot be passed to others.

WHO expert group which includes patients, healthcare workers and researchers has been considering the impact of post-COVID-19 condition on children and adolescents. Findings of this report can be found here. A free webinar is available for more information: Post COVID-19 Condition: Children and Young Persons (who.int)

Young children with COVID-19 mainly present with respiratory symptoms and are more likely to seek long-term medical care for a persistent cough. Children with post COVID-19 condition are also more likely to have fatigue, altered smell and anxiety than healthy children.

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