{Computer Fundamentals Notes} pdf
Hello aspirants,
Computer: A computer is an electronic device that can perform various operations, such as processing data, storing information, and executing tasks based on instructions.
Hardware and Software: Computer systems consist of hardware and software components. Hardware includes physical components like the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse), output devices (e.g., monitor, printer), and networking devices. Software refers to the programs and data that instruct the computer to perform specific tasks.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions and coordinates the activities of other hardware components. It consists of the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers.
Memory: Computers have two main types of memory: primary and secondary memory. Primary memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is temporary and stores data and instructions that are currently being processed. Secondary memory, such as hard disk drives and solid-state drives, provides long-term storage for programs and data.
Operating System (OS): An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services to users and applications. It controls memory, file systems, device drivers, and provides a user interface for interacting with the computer.
Input and Output: Input devices allow users to enter data and commands into the computer, such as keyboards, mice, and scanners. Output devices display or present information to the user, such as monitors, printers, and speakers.
Storage Devices: Storage devices are used to store data for long-term use. Common storage devices include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), USB flash drives, and optical discs (e.g., CDs, DVDs).
Networks and the Internet: Computers can be connected together to form networks, allowing data and resources to be shared. The Internet is a global network of networks that enables communication and access to information worldwide.
Programming Languages: Programming languages are used to write instructions for computers to execute specific tasks. Common programming languages include C, C++, Java, Python, and JavaScript.
Computer Security: Computer security is essential to protect systems and data from unauthorized access, attacks, and data breaches. It involves measures such as using strong passwords, antivirus software, firewalls, and regular software updates.
These are just some basic notes on computer fundamentals. The field of computer science and technology is vast and constantly evolving. For a comprehensive understanding, it is recommended to refer to textbooks or detailed study materials on computer fundamentals.
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Computer One Line Liner Question
Important Computer Questions And Answers
Q.1.Cyber Law में ‘DOS का पूरा रूप (Full Form) क्या है ?
[A] डिनाइअल ऑफ सरविस
[B] डिस्क ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम
[C] डिसटेंन्स ऑपरेटिंग सरविस
[D] डिनाइअल ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम
ANSWER :- [A] डिनाइअल ऑफ सरविस
Q.2.कम्प्यूटर के निर्देशों (Computer Commands) को क्रियान्वित (Executes) कौन करता है?
[A] ऐरिथमेटिक यूनिट (Arithmetic Unit)
[B] लाॅजिक यूनिट (Logic Unit)
[C] (A) व (B) दोनों
[D] कन्ट्रोल यूनिट (Control Unit)
ANSWER :- [C] (A) व (B) दोनों
Q.3.पैकमैन (Pac-Man) नामक प्रसिद्ध कम्प्यूटर किस काम के लिए बना था?
[A] पुस्तक प्रकाशन
[B] शेयर बाजार
[C] बैंक
[D] खेल
ANSWER :- [D] खेल
Q.4.Microprocessor Computer किस पीढ़ी (Generation) से संबंधित है?
[A] प्रथम पीढ़ी
[B] द्वितीय पीढ़ी
[C] तृतीय पीढ़ी
[D] चतुर्थ पीढ़ी
ANSWER :- [D] चतुर्थ पीढ़ी
Q.5. वह Memory Unit जो CPU से सीधा संपर्क करता है, _____ कहलाता है?
[A] मेन मेमोरी
[B] सेकण्डरी मेमोरी
[C] ऑक्सीलियरी मेमोरी
[D] रेजिस्टर
ANSWER:- [C] ऑक्सीलियरी मेमोरी
Q.6. अप्रार्थनीय संदेश प्रणाली (Abuse Messaging System) का दुरुपयोग करना कहलाता है?
[A] फिसिंग (Phishing)
[B] स्पाम (Spam)
[C] मैलवेयर (Malware)
[D] फाइअरवाॅल (Firewall)
ANSWER :- [B] स्पाम (Spam)
Q.7. _____ साॅफ्टवेयर का उपयोग WEB-PAGE को देखने के लिए किया जाता है?
[A] साइट (Site)
[B] होस्ट (Host)
[C] ब्राउजर (Browser)
[D] लिंक (Link)
ANSWER :- [C] ब्राउजर (Browser)
Q.8. _____ इलेक्ट्रानिक बैठक प्रणाली (Electronic Meeting System) है?
[A] Tele-Officing
[B] Tele-Conferencing
[C] Tele -Banking
[D] Tele-Shopping
ANSWER :- [B] Tele-Conferencing
Q.9. हाल ही में मिटाए गए फाइल (Recently Deleted Files) जमा (Store) होते हैं?
[A] डेस्कटाॅप
[B] रिसाइकल बिन
[C] टास्कबार
[D] माइ कम्प्यूटर
ANSWER :- [B] रिसाइकल बिन
Q.10. एक कागजी प्रति (Hard Copy) बनाता है?
[A] लाइन प्रिंटर (Line Printer)
[B] डाॅट मेट्रिक्स प्रिंटर (Dot Matrix Printer)
[C] प्लाॅटर (Plotter)
[D] उपरोक्त सभी (All of above)
ANSWER:- [D] उपरोक्त सभी (All of above)
Q.11. इम्पेक्ट प्रिंटर (Impact Printer) है ?
[A] डाॅट मेट्रिक्स प्रिंटर
[B] ड्रम प्रिंटर
[C] (A) एव (B) दोनों
[D] इंकजेट प्रिंटर
ANSWER :- [C] (A) एव (B) दोनों
Q.12. पेरिफेरल उपकरण (Peripheral Equipment) का उदाहरण है?
[A] सी.पी.यू.
[B] प्रिंटर
[C] माइक्रोप्रोसेसर
[D] वर्ड
ANSWER :- [B] प्रिंटर
Q.13. एक हाइब्रीड कम्प्यूटर (Hybrid Computer) होता है –
[A] डिजिटल कम्प्यूटर जैसे लगता है (Resembles Digital Computer)
[B] एनालाॅग कम्प्यूटर जैसे लगता है (Resemble Analogue Computer
[C] डिजिटल और एनाॅलाॅग दोनों कम्प्यूटर एक जैसे लगते हैं (Both a Digital & Analogue Computer)
[D] कोई नहीं (None of the above)
ANSWER :- [C] डिजिटल और एनाॅलाॅग दोनों कम्प्यूटर एक जैसे लगते हैं
Q.14. CPU (Control Processing Unit) सीधा ______ भाषा (Computer Language) को समझ सकता है
[A] सी-लैड्ग्विज (C Language)
[B] मशीन लैड्ग्विज (Machine Language)
[C] असेमब्लि लैड्ग्विज (Assembly Language)
[D] हाई लेवल लैड्ग्विज (High Level Language)
ANSWER :- [B] मशीन लैड्ग्विज (Machine Language)
Q.15. अच्छी गुणवत्ता (Best Quality) का चित्रालेख (Graphics) कौन उत्पन्न करता है?
[A] लेजर प्रिंटर (laser Printer)
[B] इंकजेट प्रिंटर (Ink-jet Printer)
[C] प्लाॅटर (Plotter)
[D] डाॅट मेट्रिक्स प्रिंटर (Dot Matrix Printer)
ANSWER :- [C] प्लाॅटर (Plotter)
