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Adolescent Health :: National Health Mission

   Published Date: 31st March 2023
Adolescent Health :: National Health Mission

Adolescent Health :: National Health Mission

Hello aspirants,

Adolescent health is a crucial aspect of public health as it involves the physical, mental, and social well-being of young people between the ages of 10 and 19. This is a critical period of development that can impact an individual’s health and well-being throughout their entire life.

There are various factors that can affect adolescent health, including nutrition, physical activity, mental health, sexual and reproductive health, substance abuse, and violence. Adolescent health issues can range from minor injuries and illnesses to chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and even mortality.

To promote and maintain adolescent health, it is important to focus on prevention and early intervention. This includes providing access to education and information about healthy behaviors, promoting physical activity, encouraging healthy eating habits, and ensuring access to healthcare services. Additionally, addressing risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and unprotected sexual activity, can help prevent negative health outcomes in adolescence and later in life.

Overall, prioritizing adolescent health is essential for ensuring a healthy future generation and promoting healthy communities.

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ADOLESCENT HEALTH

There are 253 million adolescents in the age group 10-19 years in India. This age group comprises of individuals in a transient phase of life requiring nutrition, education, counseling and guidance to ensure their development into healthy adults. They are susceptible to several preventable and treatable health problems, like early & unintended pregnancy, unsafe sex leading to STI/HIV/AIDS, nutritional disorders like malnutrition, anemia & overweight, alcohol, tobacco and drug abuse, mental health concerns, injuries &violence.

Government of India has recognized the importance of influencing health-seeking behavior of adolescents. The health situation of this age group is a key determinant of India’s overall health, mortality, morbidity and population growth scenario. Therefore, investments in adolescent reproductive and sexual health will yield dividends in terms of delaying age at marriage, reducing incidence of teenage pregnancy, meeting unmet contraception need, reducing the maternal mortality, reducing STI incidence and reducing HIV prevalence. It will also help India realize its demographic dividends, as healthy adolescents are an important resource for the economy.

Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK)

In order to ensure holistic development of adolescent population, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) on 7th January 2014 to reach out to 253 million adolescents – male and female, rural and urban, married and unmarried, in and out-of-school adolescents with special focus on marginalized and undeserved groups . The programme expands the scope of adolescent health programming in India – from being limited to sexual and reproductive health, it now includes in its ambit nutrition, injuries and violence (including gender based violence), non-communicable diseases, mental health and substance misuse. The strength of the program is its health promotion approach. It is a paradigm shift from the existing clinic-based services to promotion and prevention and reaching adolescents in their own environment, such as in schools, families and communities. Key drivers of the program are community based interventions like, outreach by counselors; facility based counselling; Social and Behavior Change Communication; and strengthening of Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics across levels of care.

Adolescent often do not have the autonomy or the agency to make their own decision. RKSK takes cognizance of this and involves parents and community. Focus is on reorganizing the existing public health system in order to meet the service needs of adolescents. Under this a core package of services includes preventive, promotive, curative and counselling services, routine check-ups at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care is provided regularly to adolescents, married and unmarried, girls and boys during the clinic sessions.

Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) is a program launched by the Government of India in 2014 to address the health and development needs of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. The program is part of the National Health Mission and aims to improve the health and well-being of adolescents through a range of interventions.

RKSK focuses on six priority areas: nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, substance misuse, non-communicable diseases, injuries and violence, and mental health. The program includes a range of activities such as health education, health promotion, and access to adolescent-friendly health services.

The key features of RKSK include:

Strengthening health systems to provide adolescent-friendly health services and improving the quality of care.

Capacity building of healthcare providers to address the specific needs of adolescents.

Promoting healthy behaviors among adolescents through health education and health promotion activities.

Addressing gender and social inequalities that affect adolescent health and well-being.

Providing access to services for the prevention and management of common health problems among adolescents.

RKSK aims to improve the health and well-being of adolescents and reduce the burden of disease among this age group in India. By providing comprehensive health services and promoting healthy behaviors, the program aims to empower adolescents to make informed decisions about their health and lead healthy and productive lives.

School Health & Wellness Programme

Schools play a critical role in helping students establish lifelong healthy behaviours. Recognizing the importance of this, school based health promotion activities have been incorporated as a part of the Health and Wellness component of the Ayushman Bharat Programme. School Health & Wellness Programme (launched in Feb 2020) is being implemented in government and government aided schools in districts (including aspirational districts). Two teachers, preferably one male and one female, in every school, designated as “Health and Wellness Ambassadors” shall be trained to transact with school children, health promotion and disease prevention information on 11 thematic areas in the form of interesting joyful interactive activities for one hour every week.

A School Health and Wellness Program is a comprehensive approach to promoting and supporting the physical, mental, and emotional health and well-being of students, teachers, and staff in a school setting. It involves implementing various activities and initiatives that promote healthy behaviors and provide access to resources that support health and wellness.

A school health and wellness program typically includes components such as health education, physical education, healthy food options, mental health services, and health promotion activities. These components aim to improve overall health, reduce health risk behaviors, and enhance academic performance.

Some specific activities that can be part of a school health and wellness program include:

Health education classes that cover topics such as nutrition, physical activity, substance abuse prevention, and sexual and reproductive health.

Physical education classes that provide students with opportunities to engage in physical activity and learn about the importance of exercise and fitness.

Healthy food options in school cafeterias and vending machines that encourage students to make healthier food choices.

Mental health services such as counseling, support groups, and referrals to mental health professionals.

Health promotion activities such as health fairs, health screenings, and health campaigns that raise awareness about healthy behaviors and health issues.

A well-designed school health and wellness program can have many benefits, including improved academic performance, reduced absenteeism, and improved overall health and well-being for students, teachers, and staff. It can also help to establish healthy habits that will carry on into adulthood.

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